Issue link: https://mbozikis.ufcontent.com/i/1422521
8 bankruptcy matters to the bankruptcy courts, 28 U.S.C. § 157(a), and most district courts have entered standing orders which accomplish this automatically. However, such reference may (and in certain cases must) be withdrawn by the district court "for cause shown." In particular, the reference must be withdrawn if the proceeding involves both title 11 and other U.S. laws regulating organizations or activities affecting interstate commerce. 28 U.S.C. § 157(d). The level of decision-making authority that a bankruptcy court possesses over a particular bankruptcy matter depends on whether or not such matter (i) is a case under title 11, a proceeding arising under title 11, or a proceeding arising in or related to a case under title 11 or (ii) is a core or non-core proceeding. In particular, bankruptcy judges may hear and determine all cases under title 11 and all "core" proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in a case under title 11. 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(1). This includes the power of the bankruptcy judge to enter formal orders or judgments on those matters. Unless all parties consent to the determination of a non-core, related matter by the bankruptcy court, non-core matters that are otherwise related to a title 11 case may be heard by a bankruptcy judge, but the judge is only permitted to submit proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law to the district court for determination by the district court. 28 U.S.C. § 157(c)(1)–(2). In such a situation, the district court is to consider the bankruptcy judge's proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law and review de novo those matters to which a party timely and specifically objected. 28 U.S.C. § 157(c)(1). Whether a matter is core or non-core, but related is determined by the bankruptcy judge and cannot be determined solely on the basis that resolution of such matter may be affected by State law. 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(3). Examples of core matters include, among other things: case administration matters; most claim allowance or disallowance matters; financing orders; avoidance actions; automatic stay matters; dischargeability matters; determinations of the validity, extent or priority of liens; plan confirmation; use, sale or lease of property (including use of cash collateral); and